Compared Formulae implemented in JavaScript:

• Spherical: Menelaus of Alexandria (about 100); Great-circle distance - Wikipedia
• Flat-surface-ellipsoidal: Newton (?), Cassini (1713); Geographical distance - Wikipedia
• Hubeny: Hubeny (1954, 1959)
• Gauss-mid-latitude: Gauss (1843, 1846); Lambert and Swick (1935); Rapp (1991) §6.4; Geographical distance - Wikipedia
• Andoyer: Andoyer (1932); Marie Henri Andoyer - Wikipedia
• Andoyer-Lambert: Lambert (1942); Thomas (1965); Geographical distance - Wikipedia
• Andoyer-Lambert-Thomas: Thomas (1970)
• (Pittman: Pittman (1986); Deakin and Hunter (2007, 2010); not tested)
• Vincenty: Vincentry (1975, 1976); 回転楕円体上の測地線及び航程線の算出について（海洋情報部研究報告） - 国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション in Japanese
• Bowring: Bowring (1996); used by Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) based on this method, 経緯度を用いた2地点間の測地線長、方位角を求める計算（国土地理院） in Japanese
• Karney: Karney (2011); GeographicLib

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